Which drug is considered minimal-risk and is used in chemotherapy?

Busulfan is classified as a minimal-risk drug in the context of chemotherapy due to its relatively low incidence of significant toxicity when used at standard dosing levels. While all chemotherapy agents have potential side effects, busulfan is typically associated with a manageable safety profile compared to others, making it favorable in certain treatment regimens, especially in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

In contrast, the other drugs listed have been associated with higher levels of toxicity or side effects. Cytarabine, for instance, can lead to severe myelosuppression and other toxicities, particularly at higher doses. Epirubicin, an anthracycline, is known for potential cardiotoxic effects and significant nausea and vomiting. Oxaliplatin, used primarily for colorectal cancer, has side effects such as peripheral neuropathy and other gastrointestinal disturbances.

Due to these factors, busulfan stands out as a minimal-risk option, reinforcing its role in specific treatment protocols while ensuring patients experience fewer adverse effects overall.